Performing Gender Identity - Katie Lopez


      1)    In the introduction, Cameron speaks about “generalizations about ‘men’s talk’” (201). What are some generalizations and stereotypes of what women talk about with each other, what men talk about, and what topics they usually are perceived to have in common?


      2)    How do you feel about the accounts of gender being “socially constructed” instead of "natural" (202)? What are your thoughts about gender having to be reaffirmed through gender norms and whether masculinity/femininity can actually dictate gender on its own?


      3)    Why do you think there is so much pressure on genders to act/talk a certain way and how do you think this varies from culture to culture? How have you see this changing in recent years, if at all?


      4)    The author talks about how talk among men is often more “competitive” while among women it is more “cooperative” (206). What are your thoughts about these categorizations and how they fit with each gender?


      5)    If, as the article mentions, both men and women gossip in their groups, why do you think this has been stereotyped as mainly a “woman’s thing” and why does it continue to be thought of as such? 

     Wrap up Comment: I really liked the ideas that were brought up in answering my questions. For question 1 I felt a lot of the responses fit what I was thinking were the stereotypes but, oddly enough, I hadn't thought about the perspective of age so that was a good point to bring up. I also liked the ideas brought up with my fifth question about how women are seen to be "sneaky", "immature", and
"dependent" because these stereotypes still exist in today's society and the only way we can overcome them is to talk about them.




Comments

  1. 1) I think major stereotype for 'women talk' would be dependent on the age. What I mean by that is younger girls are "supposed" to be talking about dolls, and conversation centered around playing roles of mini-women so playing house, etc. As you get older, 'women talk' develops to a more mature version of that. So boys, make up, and eventually kids and what their favorite cleaning product is.

    2) We all play a role in reaffirming our gender, which ever way we choose to do so but there is no denying that we all do it. I think it's exhausting and can get tricky but I also find that the fluidity in it is also beautiful.

    3) The pressure to act/follow a certain way dependent on gender is for other people not be uncomfortable. I know it sounds terrible but I'm finding more and more that those who force more gender norms are the same folks who don't want to be inconvenienced with understanding something or selfishly do not want to be uncomfortable. It has been changing in the few years because so many folks have been pushing that line and living unapologetically.

    4) Women are made to believe they have to be cooperative and in some culture their whole life is built around supplementing and molding their own life to the lives of others (their husbands, children, in-laws, etc.).

    Sidenote: To whomever reads through this, I hope you and the people you care about are all healthy and well! If you need help with anything please reach out. I'm running low on toilet paper myself but I do have extra food I can share/drop-off. Take care! (delgado.bvd@gmail.com)

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    1. I hope you are doing well too! Try going to a Target around 8:15 to 9 AM on a Monday or Wednesday for toilet paper! They should have some, and the limit will probably be one pack per family/shopping group. I hope it helps!

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  2. 1. Much like the title men are assumed to only talk about "things" (sports, cars etc) while women talk about people (gossip, relationships). I don't think men and women are even shown to even really talk about the same things as the whole "miscommunication between genders!" is so ubiquitous in our culture.

    2. To a certain extent I do feel like its socially constructed but I don't discount biological differences as I know I would not be happy if for some reason I woke up as male tomorrow. Nevertheless gender is reaffirmed through social mores as much as anything else is.

    3. Well I mean when so much of culture is dictated on male - female of course there is pushback on threats to "social order". But yes things are changing. My husband is already much more involved in raising his daughter than my father ever was me, and he *should* be.

    4. From personal research this is broadly true but I think women are more primed to be cooperative and vice versa. Though there are plenty of times this is subverted.

    5. It goes back to infantilizing women and anything that interests them as being "immature". We know gossip is bad and what it can do, so if we make it women's domain its further reason to not listen to them.

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  3. 1) I think a major stereotype of what women talk about is our hair and nails. We talk about men and wanting to get married/date. I think men are stereotyped as talking about sports and girls. They talk about wanting to get girls and be athletic.

    2) We have a pressure put onto ourselves by society to fit gender norms. There is an expectation to think and act a certain way because we want to be accepted by our peers. People generally don't want to stand out because there is a fear that we will end up alone. We desperately want to be a part of a group to fulfill an identity aspect. We like social interaction and to feel like we belong.

    3) There is a pressure for the genders to act or think in a certain way. They do not want to feel alone. They want to be accepted, whether that requires fitting into a box. Whether that box be male, female, or intersex. There's usually a box for every category. I think certain cultures from around the world that rely heavily on religion and are generally more conservative have more of a pressure to perform and act in a certain way based on gender. I think other cultures that are more "free" are generally more accepting and allow people to be whatever they are. I definitely think that we have improved over the years. While I do think we have a long way to go, I do believe that due to more establishments and clubs that have been developed we are more accepting.

    4) There is a pressure put on men to achieve more. I think women are limited often by society when it comes to expectations. We are told how to think and act. Women are often set by an expectation to be ambitious, but not too forward. To have dreams but not shoot for the stars. Men are told be bold and ambitious. To not let anything get in their way. I think women are told to be more sympathetic and gracious for even being allowed to do the things men do. Men are also put under a pressure to be "the provider." This usually means having a job and being the breadwinner of the family. To do this requires a certain amount of competition and motivation.

    5) I think that with gossip, it inevitably results in conflict. Men and women fight differently. Girls are generally labeled as being "sneaky" when it comes to social drama while men are more "bold." There is a lot of backstabbing among girls and women are generally told to be more secretive and discrete. I think that's why women get put in that category of being vicious and cold, as opposed to men who are more willing to resolve conflict in a direct way.

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  4. 1) To me when I hear “men’s talk” the first thing that pops in my head is guys talking about is; women, cars, sports, and what makes you manly. For women some stereotypes of what women might talk about is; makeup, men, nails, feelings and how they look. I know this is not true because i feel like these “biological sex” talks depends on your age, culture, and environment

    2) I am as a gay kid in elementary, I did not feel like i did not fit in with other elementary boys. But I understood that I had to act a certain way to try and blend in with the “normal” boys. Throughout history gender has been modified to fit the new norms, for example pink used to be associated with boys because this represented strength and blue used to be associated with girls, because of how calming they are.

    3) I think there is so much pressure on gender because people might think society would work better if we limit it to two genders. With cultures there are multiple cultures that have more than 2 genders.

    4) I feel that there is not a whole lot of things that guys do to share or to help one another out as what females do for each other. Females if they need something they are more willing to help each other out instead and typically talk to find common ground if there is a disagreement.

    5. Even though men and women gossip, it is supposed to be a woman’s thing probably because men want to do anything to make them seem different than women, to make themselves feel better.

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  5. 1. Guy talk, in my mind, consists of talking about stuff like cars, attractive women, sports, and even stuff like video games. Women are stereotyped to be talking about makeup, clothing, or fashion. Some things guys and gals have that are considered to be common are things like cooking and working out, but these shared topics only become more apparent as we get older.

    2. I agree with the notion that gender and the identities that were formed out of it are indeed a social construct. But I also feel like we shouldn't discredit the biological differences between the two sexes. I do think that people should be treated how they want to be treated though, and its unfair to throw a person into a category they might not even want to be in.

    3. There is definitely a ton of pressure to keep genders as rigid roles to categorize people because it is so deeply ingrained within culture and history. Although some cultures have more than two genders, the vast majority of human culture tends to have clearly defined ideas on what each gender should be like and what roles they play in society. However, this is changing in modern day society. More men are willing to admit in partaking in hobbies that are considered feminine like cooking or shopping for clothes. And more women play roles that were considered masculine like being the person who provides in the relationship with the stay at home husband.

    4. At the surface level, I agree with these sentiments. But there are obviously where these ideas are flipped. As other people in this thread pointed out, men are pushed to be more successful and to be more willing to provide. While females are told to rely on others and work together with other women. But there are many instances where these scenarios have been swapped.

    5. I think it became stereotyped because society tends to push this notion that women should depend on others and talk to people about their problems. Men are stereotyped to tough things out and to be more independent by nature. Although both men and women are known to gossip within their social circles, I think men have a harder time to open up about their feelings due to the pressures and expectations held by social norms.

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  6. 1) Some stereotypes for what women talk about are makeup, shopping, boys (or men, and their physical looks), and for men, I think some stereotypes are women’s physical bodies, sports, work, money/business, politics. As for stereotypical overlap I think talk of bodies is commonly presumed.

    2) Gender is 100% socially constructed by reinforcement of societal gender norms. Objects, mannerisms, styles, everything, is gendered (in American society) because of the way society has treated it. Because gender acceptance is ingrained in our society, affirmation is expected of individuals in order to place themselves within society, but I do think that this is changing a bit with societal acceptance of androgyny and gender fluidity.

    3) I think that because our society is structured in such a gendered way people find it easier to commit to gender norms and perform in certain ways to present as a certain gender. But I think that gender norms do fluctuate from culture to culture. I think that the way people think about gender is becoming more flexible because of the movement of gender expression.

    4) I feel like while we sometimes hear this, we also sometimes hear the opposite. I’m thinking of the movie Legally Blonde as an example (because my brother was talking to me about it) the two main female characters, Elle and Vivian, are constantly competitive to each other while also pretending to be civil when talking in front of people. As for men, they could be stereotypically perceived to talk more cooperatively because they are more fluent in being cooperative from their familiarity of sports. I think it’s funny how both stereotypes could easily fit, when in reality, the way you talk doesn’t rely on your gender.

    5) I think women suffer from the stereotype of being catty, backstabbing, vindictive, honestly every quality in a Disney Villain. Because of this they are bestowed with the perceived “bad ways” to communicate, such as gossiping, fighting, yelling, nagging, etc. Unfortunately, these stigmatized stereotypes are furthered everyday by the media we consume and the reinforcement they receive in society.

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  7. 1) Some generalizations and stereo types with girls are make up and self-care, like doing your nails and taking care of oneself. Men talk about videogames, working out, and work generally and stereotypically speaking. Some thing they both have in common is gossiping about people in general.

    2) Throughout the years people have just made ideologies of what a "male" and "female" is. This can definitely be reaffirmed in a way were gender norms do not identify what one is.


    3) Pressure is put there from generation to generation, but it does vary from culture to culture. A topic that comes to mind is machismo, we spoke about it in class that the pressure for a mexican male to be "macho" is there as well as the role of being a mexican women.


    4) I do not agree with this, I am a women and feel the competition amongst females. The talk from person to person varies for me when I am talking from person to person.


    5) As a society, it is thought or said that "women should be house wives and have nothing better else to do".

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  8. 1. Some generalizations and stereotypes of what women talk about with each other are men, clothes, and gossip. Some generalizations and stereotypes of what men talk about are sex, women, sports and alcohol. Topics that are usually perceived common between the sexes are work, entertainment, and politics.
    2. I believe that gender is a socially construct. I agree that gender is reaffirmed through gender norms. I think that gender norms are very powerful, so much so that they are the cause of toxic masculenity. The confines of social gender norms are very pressing, especislly for men. Females are granted more flexibility in their gender roles, while men must adhere to strict gender roles to be deemed "real men". I belive that we as a society are moving away from the notion that masculinity and femininity dictate gender, the spectrum which places them as oppositional characteristics is under reconstruction.
    3. There are pressures on the genders to act/talk a certain way because socialization imposes such. I think this varies from culture to culture based on the cultures individual views and beliefs. Each culture has different values and norms, so gender models are different from culture to culture. I have read many articles which address how gender norms and expectations are changing in recent years. some cultures are more progressive that others, but it seems to me that each culture is making small changes as they are influanced by other cultures. I think its human nature for cultures to evolve over time, and since gender is a social construct, the concept of gender will evolve also.
    4. The idea that talk among men is often more “competitive” while talk among women is more “cooperative”, comes from the gender norms impressed on each gender. Men are socialized to be more overtly aggresive while women are socialized to be more submissive (women are agressive as well, just in a completely different way than men).
    5. While both men and women gossip within their gendered groups, it is thought of as a female characteristic because men are socialized to be overty aggressive, meaning that they are expected to address confrontation and disagreements head on (often resulting in verbal and physical violence), while women are socialized to be more covertly aggressive, wherein conflicts and disagreements are handled in a manipulative manner, whic often results in gossip.

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  9. 1) Conversations among males and females change over time, depending on age. As women progress in age, they talk about subjects such as work, their love life, family, and subjects associated with their gender (such as makeup, skincare, and PMS). Men usually talk about sports, their family, their love life, and work as well. I feel as though subjects discussed among the genders are more similar than they are different. The degree to which they discuss certain topics may differ, but I believe that there is not much of a difference when it comes to male and female conversations.

    2) I believe that gender is socially constructed. As humans, everything we learn is through observation and interactions with others. Gender is typically something that can be seen physically, and if we identify with a certain gender, of course we are going to adopt the practices of those who also identify with that gender. I believe that we have gender norms for a reason. As humans, we want to belong and associate with a group with similar beliefs and interests, and gender performance is a way of doing so at an early age. Gender Identity is important to most people because it helps to define who they are and how they wish to be perceive. Granted, not all people wish to identify with a gender, but overall it is a way of association.

    3)I think there is pressure on genders to act/talk a certain way because individuals wish to be perceived as the gender they identify with. However, over the years, I feel as though the pressure has decreased and individuals are more open with the subjects they discuss. Women now talk about sex, politics, and other "forbidden" topics that they did not discuss earlier in history. Men can now talk about certain subjects without being perceived as "gay". I think that those who believe that certain discussion topics for gender are appropriate or inappropriate are people who choose to be traditional or are overcompensating for their gender performance.

    4) I think that the notion that men are more "competitive" and women are more "cooperative" in conversation comes from the gender norms imposed on them. Everything related to men is associated with being "competitive", from sexual reproduction, to sports, to work, and to conversation. Women are always seen as "cooperative" because they're seen as caretakers, who have to be cooperative to be successful. They are not seen as competitive because they are seen as inferior to men.

    5) I think it is seen as a woman thing because once women are involved in a conversation, subjects may be brought up that are categorized as "feminine". If women gossip to one another, it is automatically associated with femininity.

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  10. 1. Generally, when women talk other individuals may believe that the topics being talked about are gossip, hair, makeup, and men for example. For men when they talk generally individuals would assume that the topic of discussion would be women, sports, and politics. However, men and women generally in my opinion actually talk about the same things. Women and men gossip and can both enjoy talking about either gender, appearances and other activities.
    2. I think that I would have to agree that gender is often created but I think that this idea is actually reaffirmed by gender norms. I think that the existence of gender norms is what causes people to want to reaffirm them so as not to let other people think that they are something other than what they are presenting. I think gender is not something that cannot be considered its own because people more so than not imprint their own thoughts on what gender really is.
    3. I think the pressure to be and present yourself a certain way is based on the culture in which you live in. I think culture is something that people identity with closely and so in order to not isolate themselves from those they see themselves closest two they adhere to this groups customs and ways of thinking about the world. I do not think that this pressure has changed and it probably never will if people continue to want to be apart of some group or culture.
    4. I think this idea of categories among men talk and women talk is absurd. I think everyone whether they be men or woman can be "competitive" or "cooperative" in a discussion amongst themselves (Deborah Cameron 206). I think the only reason why men are seen as "competitive" is because generally men as a whole in society are seen as dominant figures whereas women are seen as "cooperative" because in society they are treated as being submissive ( Deborah Cameron 206).
    5. I think the act of gossiping is closely linked to women because this is seen as a less cared about form of discussion. Gossiping is seen as an activity that is not really all that important to everyday life even though its generally most of what people talk about in their daily lives. So since women are seen as inferior beings by society, women then are seen to engage in this activity more so then men who by societies standards are thought of as being above this kind of behavior. The reality though is that both men and women gossip.

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  11. 1. Stereotypically, women are perceived to talk about boys, hair, and makeup when they are teens. When they are older they are seen as talking about primarily gossip. Men on the other side remain consistent as they talk about cars, sports, and work.
    2. I think because gender is on a spectrum, masculinity and femininity does not play a role with having a say. However, society has had a lot of say on the way a gender should be perceived as and can shape the way we view each sex.
    3. I feel as there is so much pressure to act a certain way due to culture because for the older culture it was seen as a tradition and due to that our families were passing all that they know down to the new generation without being cautious of the danger it might cause to the younger generations mentality. The newer generation has portrayed themselves as more open minded and due to this we tend to be more accepting of however people like to portray themselves as.
    4.I feel as if it is true b/c boys are taught from an early age to be tough and assertive, otherwise known as "act like a man". Whereas women are taught to be soft spoken and submissive as they should "act like a lady".
    5. I don't think its mostly about gossip, women are usually more social and open with friends, in return women talk within each other about problems and so we gain more information of one another, whereas men are taught to bottle up their emotions so they tend to keep to themselves and aren't as involved in each others lives.

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  12. 1. Well the recorded conversation between the boys picked up on many stereotypes that men like to talk about. Specifically, sports and girls. Surprisingly, they do talk about gossip and even trash talk, which was common throughout their conversation. Women, on the other hand are more cooperative in their speech as described in the text even if they also gossip, which is a stereotype.
    2. I feel that it makes sense to me that gender is constructed. After all, performing gender is not something we are born with, we learn to do gender through television or our peers. I do think it is tiring sometimes to have our gender be reaffirmed through gender norms because like with the conversation between the boys, at times they have to compete with each other and is even subconsciously seeking approval during speeches by avoiding silences and talking down on people to affirm their masculinity. In that way, people perform gender and masculinity/femininity is part of those gender roles.
    3. I think there is so much pressure on genders to act/talk a certain way because like with the conversation between the guys, it is implied they do not want to be seen as "gay" by the way they talked down on a guy in their class. They have to act macho for guys to be seen in a positive light. I do think there are some slight variations from culture to culture but the main idea is that guys have to act masculine while girls have to act feminine. For example, the boys from the reading "Do it All for Your Pubic Hairs" engage in displays of masculinity through games and such. This fact has not changed much.
    4. I think these categorizations about how men are more competitive and women, more cooperative result from performing gender. The reason why this gendered script is so pravalent is because that is how people are taught to act.
    5. One possible reason why gossip is thought of to be a woman's thing is that men perhaps do not want to admit to like feminine acts which may include gossip. Men and women also gossip in different ways which causes some form of gossip to spread or stand out more.

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  13. 1. Some stereotypes of what women talk about are beauty, relationships, gossip, anything that is perceived as being feminine or emotional. Stereotypes of what men talk about are sports, women, video games, etc. However, I have seen both men and women gossip and discuss things like food or exercising.

    2. I think gender being more socially constructed than natural is true. From the moment we are born, we are raised to adhere to gender standards (toys, colors, clothes, what we can and cannot do or talk about). It's these type of norms that we are surrounded by our whole lives, so gender is reaffirmed through gender norms. We grow up believing that our gender is what places us into a certain social category.

    3. I think there is pressure for each gender to act and talk a certain way because it is how we grew up. We learn that if we don't behave or talk like how a girl or boy is supposed to, it's wrong and anyone who does not follow the norms will be outcasted. It differs from culture to culture because each one has their own beliefs and values; In some cultures the roles may be completely different. I have seen this change over the years because people are starting to challenge the gender norms and become more accepting of those who may not "fit in".

    4. I think talk amongst men tend to be more competitive and for women, more cooperative. I don't believe that people should adhere to just one of these styles based on their gender, but many are taught to do so. Men are seen as the tough ones, while women are seen as fragile.

    5. I think gossip is seen more as women talk because gossip has emotion and conflict which are stereotypical things to associate with females. And, like mentioned earlier, men are taught to be tough and not show emotion.

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  14. 1. Women are generalized to talk about makeup, shoes, nails, basically all things beauty related, as well as boys and drama. For men, some stereotypes about what they talk about are cars, money, sports, video games, and girls’ bodies. Both are generalized and stereotyped to talk about the opposite gender, but for men it is focused around bodies and for women it is more about their feelings.
    2. I think gender is definitely socially constructed but I think there are also some aspects that some have that come naturally and “fit” their gender. I think that there are positives and negatives to gender being reaffirmed through gender norms. Some people follow gender norms more than others without a problem, but I also think gender norms are becoming less important.
    3. I think there is so much pressure on genders to act and talk a certain way because we feel like we should fit in or conform to the gender norms. Some people are not as comfortable challenging gender norms and some are perfectly fine fitting in and complying with them. I feel like it is becoming very common for people to not fit into gender norms, and also the pressure is finally being lifted slowly for everyone. I think both should be accepted.
    4. I feel like this is because men are taught to be competitive and to prove their dominance and assertiveness. Women are taught to be more easy going.
    5. I think it is because we tend to ignore when men gossip, but when women gossip it is just affirming the stereotype of women gossiping. I feel like women could also be more open with their gossip, whereas men don’t do it as often outside of their friend groups.

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  15. 1. We all love to chismear (gossip) believe or not, yeah there is people who do not like doing that but chismear does not only mean talking about people behind their backs but talk just in general. the stereotype they have about women is that they talk about things they do, getting their hair did, nails did and what not, but they also say that women are toxic yeah some do portray that type but does not mean they be talking about other girls making them feel bad about themselves but sadly there is that type of women out there, the stereotype with men is that they talk about nothing but sport and stuff like that but i also heard that they also talk about girls however we all have met a "fk boy" group that all they talk about is their body count and stuff of that range.

    2. We all land in some type of like that's not feminine enough or masculine enough and sometimes we also think to ourselves oh I'm not girly enough today let me put make up or dress this way and for men is like if i do this with the homies they going to think im gay and if i go on a rant about how some guys really dont like the fact that you tell them hey do this they be like nah im not gay and you just like ughhhh i did not mean that would make you a gay person...

    3.Well back then was like you a boy act like it, you a girl act like it either you like it or not you will become one and accept it because there is no in between and you cannot change what god has created because that would be a sin for you and guess what you aint going to heaven but it has change more people are more open about how we can be more than on gender if we want we are able to express who we are and not who they want to design us to be. the old generations are the ones that are more strict over that.

    4. There is competition between women and men because there is always someone trying to bring people down plus we grow up yes we do the glow up and what not but there is also people who look down at themselves for those high standard looks.

    5. I think is mainly put on women because they talk about it in public when they go out in groups or they just really enjoy talking about things outside and things like that but men are more conservative they talk more in private.

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  16. 1. I think women usually also talk about issues that pertain to them as women such as hair/makeup and other similar topics but I know that these are not the only things that we talk about. I believe men usually talk about sports/ cars and maybe about girls too. I think some similar topics we have in common might be that we talk about school, music, pop culture and the things we see on social media.
    2. I do believe gender to be socially constructed but I also believe that our individualism shapes the way in which we chose to be perceived as masculine or feminine.
    3. I think there is so much pressure on genders to act/talk a certain way because lately I believe the line between masculine/feminine is becoming blurred. Both genders dive into the other from time to time. I think those that wish for this to not change are those that are not comfortable with the change.
    4. I think that for the most part, this is true. Men somehow always have to try to prove themselves to other men that may be present in the moment. I also do believe that there is some sort of competition between women but it is a bit more subtle than men.
    5. I think it has been classified as a women's thing because most men would probably be embarrassed or ashamed to admit that they also gossip.

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  17. 1) From what I understand the stereotypes for girls are based on physical appearances (hair, makeup, and projecting femininity beauty), relationships, and the appearance/attractiveness of male counterparts. For boys it's about getting sex (how it was done, and by whom, and how many), Athletics prowess, and sources of power to show status.

    2) Gender is a social construct, and that is factual. Is that mean that it doesn't matter, no. Because every society has some form of constructed gender(s), and they do symbol the value of a culture. The issue today is that deleing with this understand, and is going through growing pains dealing with changes of gender expression. The idea of masculinity and feministic are descriptors and are not a gender it self. However, they seem to be connected with two distinct themes which derive from the male sex and female sex differences that go from general to stereotypical.

    3) Well each culture does have expected norms in which the genders with in it are meant to satisfy. The pressure comes from cultures which have little tolerance for blatant exceptions, outliers, or even slight divergence from what is seen as the "traditional/natural way". It appears that culture that hold a neutral or agnostic beliefs seem to show and allow people to individually express their gender identity. Cultures that claim strict adherence to one form of dominant practice seem to place the most pressure on people to fit in strict gender roles/norms. It hard to say that their is complete change around the world, yet specific areas that deconstruct and reshape their norms do seem to be on the rise.

    4) This seem to be a massive stereotype that originated from a sociopolitical view of the gender norms and how they should "naturally" act. I have also heard the exact oboist being pushed. This seems to subject that all human or American at the very least is strictly based or linked to the acts we see in some ape species. It's like "universal blueprint" some would call it, which is a bad way to think when observing different cultures.

    5) It is true that within modern history the gossip done by women is cindered the "only form" or "true" gossip. it comes from the thinking what women talk about does not matter or importance. That when talk about their interest or social lives it is important discussion.

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  18. 1.Some generalizations and stereotypes for what women talk about includes discussions about makeup and fashion, while generalizations about men includes talks about sports, video games. Some topics that men and women have in common include gossip, current affairs, music etc…

    2.I think that gender is socially constructed because of how people are influenced from a young age to think with certain ideologies. I think that there is a generalization of gender norms but there is also an adaptation of it and people adapting and changing gender norm rules and structures to fit what they feel comfortable doing, for example a popular gender norm is women are supposed to cook but some women have decided that’s not something they are interested in.

    3.I’m not sure why there is pressure for genders to act a certain way, but I think that it definitely varies from culture to culture and I also think there is a religious influence as well. In recent years I’ve seen more emphasis on looks, especially on instagram.

    4.I think that the Idea of competitive versus cooperative can apply to both genders, it depends on who is involved in the conversation. If you're talking with someone you're not familiar with or fond of the conversation might be more competitive than talking to someone you felt comfortable around.

    5.I think that gossiping is labelled as something women do maybe because women do it more openly… men might only gossip with close friends or in a closed environment but lately men have been gossiping more openly so I’m not sure why it’s labelled as something only women do.

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